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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by Visit This Link encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.